Job analysis aids in identifying and verifying a job’s needs as well as defining the job’s duties and responsibilities. When evaluating a job based on facts gathered about the task, the focus should always be on the job and never on the worker or individual. The core premise of a work analysis is that evaluations and judgments are made based on the job, not the individual.
It is accomplished by cross-examinations and surveys tailored to the needs of the occupation, and the analysis gives a detailed description of the job’s requirements. You should be able to answer the question “what is job analysis and its uses?” by the end of this article.
Objectives of Job Analysis
Job analysis’ goals are to constantly ascertain and record job-related information from employment measures such as training, selection, remuneration, and performance evaluation.
Job analysis is used to categorize both training and requirement assessments, which include the training subject, evaluation exams to determine the usefulness of training, training gadgets, and training strategies.
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Job Analysis methods:
Job analysis data is gathered in a variety of ways, with the only criterion being the identity of the individual who will conduct the job analysis. The following discussed below are job analysis methods:
1.Observation:
In the job analysis method of observation, a manager, supervisor, or job analyst, industrial engineer monitors the worker’s performance and records it to check if the tasks and duties are completed appropriately.
Job analysis observation can be continuous or intermittent sampling, but it is always of limited utility because most tasks do not have the capability of observing the entire job cycle.
As a result, observation is effective in cyclic jobs and when paired with other techniques. The supervisor or manager may use the observation to become familiar with the job and its requirements. The observation approach is extremely valuable during other ways of job analysis since it gives crucial information about the job.
2.Work Sampling:
Work Sampling is a type of observation that does not necessitate a complete focus on all of its minute details throughout the work cycle.
Instead of constant monitoring and detailed timing of each action, the person performing the job analysis selects the matter and work tempo on a certain weekday based on a statistical sampling of numerous actions.
Regular monotonous employment and cyclic repetitive jobs are the best candidates for work sampling.
3.Employee Diary/Log:
In this method, the employee keeps a diary/log of his or her performance, as well as the frequency of the duty and the time required to complete it.
This method is effective in some ways, but it can be exhausting for staff to keep track of all their responsibilities and schedules.
Some employees even claim that keeping an employee diary/log distracts them from their work and causes unwanted distractions.
4.Interviewing:
In the interview method of data collection, the manager or supervisor observes each job site and the person who does it. Then a sample question or interview form is created to ask the workers and record their responses, as well as to obtain a thorough analysis and understanding of the job and its needs; both the employee and the supervisor must be talked to and interviewed.
When the interviewer must speak with two or more employees in one position, this procedure is time-consuming. Professional and managerial roles are sometimes challenging and complex to examine, necessitating more in-depth interviews.
5.Questionnaires:
Questionnaires are the most common way for gathering information in work analysis, and a survey device is prepared and delivered to employees and managers to read and respond.
However, one of the drawbacks of job analysis is that it assumes the employee would answer the questions honestly and without prejudice, which is impossible in reality because their opinions on their work and other things are always impacted by their personal values.
As a result of this issue, job analysis questionnaires are frequently paired with interviews and observations.
6.Critical incident technique:
This method entails observing and documenting other incidents to determine whether or not the behaviors were effective in achieving the desired goals.
The reason for the incident and the circumstances, the work done by the employee and how pointless or beneficial it was, the expected effect of the behavior, and an examination of the influence the employee’s behavior has on the outcome are all part of the critical incident method of behavior.
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Job Analysis Process
Work analysis aids in determining the value of a certain job, maximizing human talent use, removing unnecessary occupations, and establishing realistic performance evaluation standards. The steps for analyzing jobs are listed below;
- Identifying the Purpose of Job Analysis
- Who will conduct the job analysis
- How will the process be carried out
- Strategic Decision Making
- Job Analyst Training
- Job Analysis Process Preparation
- Data collection
- Documentation, verification, and review
- Job description and specification development
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Components of job analysis
A work analysis, when properly constructed, will quickly transmit all relevant information through four unique sections (and a few subsections, too). The following are the standardized sections:
• Job title
• Summary
• Job responsibilities (responsibilities, equipment, and work environment)
• Qualification (Education, experience, and abilities)
Job Analysis Methods Advantages and Disadvantages:
Job Analysis Methods Advanatges
The following are the good upsides of job analysis methods;
- Direct information about the job is provided.
- Helpful in determining the best job-employee match
- Appropriate for effective hiring strategies and selection criteria
- Methods of performance evaluation and an appraisal are being monitored.
- Assist in the evaluation of instruction and progress requirements.
- It is critical in choosing the appropriate compensation package for the position.
Job Analysis Methods Disadvanatges
The following are the downsides of job analysis methods;
- Exhausting and time-consuming:
- Involves personal preferences and biases
- Information base and supply are both limited.
- Extreme quantities of hard work and attention are required.
- It is possible that the reviewer or job analyst isn’t right for the position.
- Using Job Analysis methodologies, no one can assess mental potential.
Who should be included in Job Analysis process?
A member of the employer’s Human Resources department may conduct the Job Analysis. If the position is not vacant, this analysis may be conducted in collaboration with the job incumbent, the incumbent’s supervisor, and possibly subject matter experts (SMEs).
What is job analysis in HRM?
In Human Resource Management (HRM), a job analysis clarifies several aspects of the job and the circumstances under which it should be conducted. Work analysis is a study and collection of information on the job’s operation and responsibilities. There are three main components to job analysis: job description, job specification, and job evaluation.
When a new employee joins the company, it is critical that he or she has information about the work that has been assigned to him or her. Every job has its own set of responsibilities, challenges, and skills and knowledge requirements.
Conclusion
Job analysis is a must for an organization’s human resource management to be effective. It is the procedure for acquiring pertinent information about a position. It outlines the job’s tasks as well as the factors that influence the job’s performance. It is capable of delivering outcomes that are quite useful in human resource management as a process. Job analysis is used in practically every aspect of an organization’s HR operations.
Human resource planning, recruiting and selection, training and development, compensation fixing, job evaluation, performance evaluation, career management, and employee health and safety are all based on it.
